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Image #1
Sketch of an Atom
Atoms
have two parts - an inside called the nucleus that has a positive
electric charge, and the outside that is a cloud of electrons with a
negative charge.
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Image #2
Atomic Nuclei
Nuclei
are made of protons that have a positive charge and neutrons that have
no charge. Every nucleus must have at least 1 proton to attract
electrons.
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Image #3
Periodic Table of Elements
The
Periodic Table is an organized list of all elements. The number of
protons in an atom's nucleus is its element number.
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Image #4
Nuclear Particles
Protons
and neutrons are made of quarks:
two Up quarks and one Down quark make a proton;
two Downs and one Up make a neutron.
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Image #5
Fermions Fermions
are the particles from which all matter is made. There are 12
elementary fermions, 6 quarks and 6 leptons, arranged in three
"generations", each with 2 quarks and 2 leptons.
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Image #6
Bosons Forces
arise when two particles of matter exchange another type of particle -
a boson - as shown on the right, where a particle shown in yellow emits
a boson shown in black which is absorbed by another particle shown in
green. This exchange causes a force between the yellow and green
particles. Each force has its own bosons.
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