Guide to the Cosmos

Making the Wonders of our Universe
Accessible to everyone

Robert L. Piccioni, Ph.D.

"Stars, Energy and Black Holes"


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Sample Slides & Explanations


black hole, event horizon, escape velocity
copyright© 2008

Sketch of a black hole


How a rocket can overcome its negative potential energy with sufficient kinetic energy to allow it to escape a gravitational field

 

escape velocity, gravitational field, potential energy, kinetic energy
copyright© 2008


interstellar gases, black hole, accretion disk, Milky  Way galaxy

Material from interstellar gases, stars, etc., is pulled toward the central black hole accumulating in an "accretion disk".
About 75% of the material will eventually fall into the black hole, while 25% will be ejected along the spinning black hole's north and south poles, forming immense jets, some longer than our Milky Way galaxy.


Cluster of new stars less than 2M years old.

Star cluster, NASA, Hubble telescope


white dwarf, Cat's Eye Nebula
copyright© 2008

When lower mass stars run out of fuel, the core collapses in an immense implosion, creating a White Dwarf, the central white dot, and blowing the star's outer layers off into space, creating beautiful nebula.


Penrose's scheme to achieve 100% mass conversion efficiency with a spinning black hole. The rocket dumps material, which could be trash, at the event horizon and returns to an orbiting society (shown in green) with excess energy = mass of trash times c2.

Roger Penrose, rocket ship, mass conversion, kinetic energy, mc squared, potential energy
copyright© 2008